How to Calculate Upper & Lower Control Limits

How to Calculate Upper & Lower Control Limits

A control chart is a chart used to monitor the quality of a process. The upper and lower control limits are two horizontal lines drawn on the chart. If data points fall outside of these lines, it indicates that it is statistically likely there is a problem with the process. These lines are usually placed three standard deviations from the mean, so there is a 99.73 percent probability that a data point will be within those limits. To calculate the control limits, you will need to first find the mean and standard deviations of your data set. Then you will calculate the upper and lower control limits.

Instructions

Calculating Standard Deviation
1 Find the mean of your data set by adding all the data points and dividing by the number of data points. As an example, take the data set: 2, 3, 5, 5, 7. The mean is 2+2+3+5+5+7 / 6 = 24 / 6 = 4.

2 Subtract the mean from each data point and square the result. Continuing the example: (2-4)^2, (2-4)^2, (3-4)^2, (5-4)^2, (5-4)^2, (7-4)^2 = (-2)^2, (-2)^2, (-1)^2, (1)^2, (1)^2, (3)^2 = 4, 4, 1, 1, 1, 9.

3 Find the mean of the result. Again, from the example: 4 + 4 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 9 = 20 / 6 = 3.33.

4 Take the square root of that mean to get the standard deviation. The standard deviation of the example is sqrt(3.33) = 1.83.
Calculating Control Limits

5 Multiply the standard deviation by 3. From the example = 1.83 x 3 = 5.48.

6 Add the mean of the original data set to the result. This is the upper control limit. The upper control limit for the example data set is 4 + 5.48 = 9.48.

7 Subtract the result of Step 1 from the mean of the original data set to get the lower control limit. The lower control limit of the example data set is 4 - 5.48 = -1.48.

Read more: http://www.ehow.com/how_4963222_calculate-upper-lower-control-limits.html#ixzz2cBnSrgDH

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STANDARD DEVIATION 標準偏差

Mean:
=AVERAGE(A1:A8)

STANDARD DEVIATION:
=STDEV(A1:A8)

UCL = Mean + 2.66 * Average of moving range.
UCL = Mean - 2.66 * Average of moving range.

Value Moving Range
10
13 3
14 1
15 1
16 1
17 1
14 3
15 1

Average Moving Range 1.571428571
Mean of Value 14.25

UCL=14.25+2.66*1.571428571 = 18.43
LCL=14.25-2.66*1.571428571 = 10.07

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