how to stop break loop for while

If Conditions
You've already seen if/elsif in action. The structure is always started by the word if, followed by a condition to be evaluated, then a pair of braces indicating the beginning and end of the code to be executed if the condition is true. The condition is enclosed in parentheses:
if (condition) {
code to be executed
}
The condition statement can be anything that evaluates to true or false. In Perl, any string is true except the empty string and 0. Any number is true except 0. An undefined value (or undef) is false.You can also test whether a certain value equals something, or doesn't equal something, or is greater than or less than something. There are different conditional test operators, depending on whether the variable you want to test is a string or a number:
Relational and Equality Operators
Test
Numbers
Strings
$x is equal to $y
$x == $y
$x eq $y
$x is not equal to $y
$x != $y
$x ne $y
$x is greater than $y
$x > $y
$x gt $y
$x is greater than or equal to $y
$x >= $y
$x ge $y
$x is less than $y
$x < $y
$x lt $y
$x is less than or equal to $y
$x <= $y
$x le $y
If it's a string test, you use the letter operators (eq, ne, lt, etc.), and if it's a numeric test, you use the symbols (==, !=, etc.). Also, if you are doing numeric tests, keep in mind that $x >= $y is not the same as $x => $y. Be sure to use the correct operator!
Here is an example of a numeric test. If $varname is greater than 23, the code inside the curly braces is executed:
if ($varname > 23) {
# do stuff here if the condition is true
}
If you need to have more than one condition, you can add elsif and else blocks:
if ($varname eq "somestring") {
# do stuff here if the condition is true
}
elsif ($varname eq "someotherstring") {
# do other stuff
}
else {
# do this if none of the other conditions are met
}
The line breaks are not required; this example is just as valid:
if ($varname > 23) {
print "$varname is greater than 23";
} elsif ($varname == 23) {
print "$varname is 23";
} else { print "$varname is less than 23"; }
You can join conditions together by using logical operators:Logical Operators
Operator
Example
Explanation
&&
condition1 && condition2
True if condition1 and condition2 are both true

condition1 condition2
True if either condition1 or condition2 is true
and
condition1 and condition2
Same as && but lower precedence
or
condition1 or condition2
Same as but lower precedence
Logical operators are evaluated from left to right. Precedence indicates which operator is evaluated first, in the event that more than one operator appears on one line. In a case like this:
condition1 condition2 && condition3
condition2 && condition3 is evaluated first, then the result of that evaluation is used in the evaluation.
and and or work the same way as && and , although they have lower precedence than their symbolic counterparts.
Unless
unless is similar to if. Let's say you wanted to execute code only if a certain condition were false. You could do something like this:
if ($varname != 23) {
# code to execute if $varname is not 23
}
The same test can be done using unless:
unless ($varname == 23) {
# code to execute if $varname is not 23
}
There is no "elseunless", but you can use an else clause:
unless ($varname == 23) {
# code to execute if $varname is not 23
} else {
# code to execute if $varname IS 23
}
Validating Form Data
You should always validate data submitted on a form; that is, check to see that the form fields aren't blank, and that the data submitted is in the format you expected. This is typically done with if/elsif blocks.
Here are some examples. This condition checks to see if the "name" field isn't blank:
if (param('name') eq "") {
&dienice("Please fill out the field for your name.");
}
You can also test multiple fields at the same time:
if (param('name') eq "" or param('email') eq "") {
&dienice("Please fill out the fields for your name
and email address.");
}
The above code will return an error if either the name or email fields are left blank.
param('fieldname') always returns one of the following:
undef — or undefined
fieldname is not defined in the form itself, or it's a checkbox/radio button field that wasn't checked.
the empty string
fieldname exists in the form but the user didn't type anything into that field (for text fields)
one or more values
whatever the user typed into the field(s)
If your form has more than one field containing the same fieldname, then the values are stored sequentially in an array, accessed by param('fieldname').
You should always validate all form data — even fields that are submitted as hidden fields in your form. Don't assume that your form is always the one calling your program. Any external site can send data to your CGI. Never trust form input data.
Looping
Loops allow you to repeat code for as long as a condition is met. Perl has several loop control structures: foreach, for, while and until.
Foreach Loops
foreach iterates through a list of values:
foreach my $i (@arrayname) {
# code here
}
This loops through each element of @arrayname, setting $i to the current array element for each pass through the loop. You may omit the loop variable $i:
foreach (@arrayname) {
# $_ is the current array element
}
This sets the special Perl variable $_ to each array element. $_ does not need to be declared (it's part of the Perl language) and its scope localized to the loop itself.
For Loops
Perl also supports C-style for loops:
for ($i = 1; $i < 23; $i++) {
# code here
}
The for statement uses a 3-part conditional: the loop initializer; the loop condition (how long to run the loop); and the loop re-initializer (what to do at the end of each iteration of the loop). In the above example, the loop initializes with $i being set to 1. The loop will run for as long as $i is less than 23, and at the end of each iteration $i is incremented by 1 using the auto-increment operator (++).
The conditional expressions are optional. You can do infinite loops by omitting all three conditions:
for (;;) {
# code here
}
You can also write infinite loops with while.
While Loops
A while loop executes as long as particular condition is true:
while (condition) {
# code to run as long as condition is true
}
Until Loops
until is the reverse of while. It executes as long as a particular condition is NOT true:
until (condition) {
# code to run as long as condition is not true
}
Infinite Loops
An infinite loop is usually written like so:
while (1) {
# code here
}
Obviously unless you want your program to run forever, you'll need some way to break out of these infinite loops. We'll look at breaking next.
Breaking from Loops
There are several ways to break from a loop. To stop the current loop iteration (and move on to the next one), use the next command:
foreach my $i (1..20) {
if ($i == 13) {
next;
}
print "$i\n";
}
This example prints the numbers from 1 to 20, except for the number 13. When it reaches 13, it skips to the next iteration of the loop.
To break out of a loop entirely, use the last command:
foreach my $i (1..20) {
if ($i == 13) {
last;
}
print "$i\n";
}
This example prints the numbers from 1 to 12, then terminates the loop when it reaches 13.
next and last only effect the innermost loop structure, so if you have something like this:
foreach my $i (@list1) {
foreach my $j (@list2) {
if ($i == 5 && $j == 23) {
last;
}
}
# this is where that last sends you
}
The last command only terminates the innermost loop. If you want to break out of the outer loop, you need to use loop labels:
OUTER: foreach my $i (@list1) {
INNER: foreach my $j (@list2) {
if ($i == 5 && $j == 23) {
last OUTER;
}
}
}
# this is where that last sends you
The loop label is a string that appears before the loop command (foreach, for, or while). In this example we used OUTER as the label for the outer foreach loop and INNER for the inner loop label.
Now that you've seen the various types of Perl control structures, let's look at how to apply them to handling advanced form data.