Is kern.openfiles more reliable than fstat?
> I'm running Apache with MySQL and for the first time yesterday I hit
> the maximum file table length of my kernel, so I've been trying to
> monitor the number file descriptors in order to track down the rogue
> process that is causing the problem.
>
> However, I can't seem to figure out which of these two commands
> actually returns the number of active file descriptors:
>
> % fstat | wc -l
> % sysctl kern.openfiles
>
> Now I totally understand if fstat and kern.openfiles are not exact in
> their results (since the system is going to be in different states and
> both commands themselves contribute to the total number of open files),
> but they are usually in vast disagreement sometimes by as much as 250
> file descriptors. In some cases fstat indicates there are far more
> files open than kern.maxfiles allows, which doesn't make sense either.
>
> % fstat | wc -l ; sysctl kern.openfiles
> 1702
> kern.openfiles: 1458
>
> Here's some of the information from sysctl:
>
> kern.ostype: FreeBSD
> kern.osrelease: 4.7-RELEASE-p28
> kern.osrevision: 199506
> kern.version: FreeBSD 4.7-RELEASE-p28 #43: Wed Jul 20 09:35:30 MDT 2005
> root@fc2:/usr/src/sys/compile/VKERN
> kern.maxvnodes: 239578
> kern.maxproc: 150
> kern.maxfiles: 1600
> kern.argmax: 65536
> kern.maxfilesperproc: 11095
> kern.maxprocperuid: 5547
> kern.openfiles: 1465
> kern.maxusers: 384
>
> Any help is greatly appreciated,
>
> --Randall
kern.openfiles indicates the number of structures representing files
are in uses in the kernel. "fstat | wc -l" gives a sum over all
processes of where these files are attached to processes. These are
slightly different things.
For example, if a process forks, then the parent and child processes
will both have the file open (so that's two instances as far as
fstat is concerned) but these can reference the same structure in the
(only one reference for kern.openfiles).
Alternatively, if file discriptor that is passed from one process
to another, is closed by the sender but not yet received by the
receiver, then this file discriptor is currently attached to no
processes. That's one for kern.openfiles but zero for fstat.
Files which are only memory mapped do not usually show up in fstat's
output, but I think they will count towards kern.openfiles. Giving
fstat the "-m" option should encourage it to show you the mmapped
files. This might help you track down what's going on.
(Also, file discriptors that are leaked due to kernel bugs will be
counted by kern.openfiles but are unlikely to show up in fstat.
Thankfully these should be rare, but I do have some patches for
fstat to make it show the list of all files rather than the list
of files attached to processes.)
David.
Install the lsof utility from ports. You may find it helpful.
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Apache mpm 模組 ( worker 和 prefork 的差別 )
Apache mpm 模組 ( worker 和 prefork 的差別 )
分享
阿舍在 Ubuntu 9.10 上安裝 PHP5 的時候，發現它會安裝 Apache 的 MPM 模組，而且，這個 MPM 還分成 worker 及 prefork 兩個子模組，阿舍一時好奇，就去查了一下，這個模組是做什麼的 & 有什麼差別 ??
Apache 的 MPM 是 Multi-Processing Module 的縮寫，是讓 Apache 以多重處理器的方式來處理要求 ( Request )，可以讓 Apache 更有效率的以較少的資源處理更多的服務要求，而實做這項功能的方式有二種，一種是採用 Multi-Thread (多重執行緒 ) 的方式，另一種便是 Pre-forking (預載分流 ) 的方式。
其中的 Multi-Thread 的方式便是 worker 模組的運作方式，適合運用在多核心的 CPU 上，而 Pre-Forking 的方式則是 prefork 的運行方式，適合在多顆 CPU 執行環境。
在Ubuntu 上，Apach2 MPM 的相關設定會存放在 /etc/apache2/apach2.cnf 裡。
Note: 如果想 enable thread，你必需 用 Worker；用 Prefork 的話，thread 不會被 enable。
# httpd -V
Server MPM: Prefork
threaded: no
分享
阿舍在 Ubuntu 9.10 上安裝 PHP5 的時候，發現它會安裝 Apache 的 MPM 模組，而且，這個 MPM 還分成 worker 及 prefork 兩個子模組，阿舍一時好奇，就去查了一下，這個模組是做什麼的 & 有什麼差別 ??
Apache 的 MPM 是 Multi-Processing Module 的縮寫，是讓 Apache 以多重處理器的方式來處理要求 ( Request )，可以讓 Apache 更有效率的以較少的資源處理更多的服務要求，而實做這項功能的方式有二種，一種是採用 Multi-Thread (多重執行緒 ) 的方式，另一種便是 Pre-forking (預載分流 ) 的方式。
其中的 Multi-Thread 的方式便是 worker 模組的運作方式，適合運用在多核心的 CPU 上，而 Pre-Forking 的方式則是 prefork 的運行方式，適合在多顆 CPU 執行環境。
在Ubuntu 上，Apach2 MPM 的相關設定會存放在 /etc/apache2/apach2.cnf 裡。
Note: 如果想 enable thread，你必需 用 Worker；用 Prefork 的話，thread 不會被 enable。
# httpd -V
Server MPM: Prefork
threaded: no
FreeBSD Statistic Tools
On this page I provide a list of statistical tools for FreeBSD to monitor your
system. There are a lot of them, so if I missed one please mail me (ronald at
echteman dot nl).
| fstat | The fstat utility identifies open files. |
| gstat | The gstat utility can be used to monitor I/O transactions of geom(4) devices. |
| iostat | The iostat utility displays kernel I/O statistics on terminal, device and cpu operations. |
| netstat | The netstat command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related data structures. |
| nfsstat | The nfsstat command displays statistics kept about NFS client and server activity. |
| pstat | The pstat utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization, terminal state, and vnode data structures. |
| top | Top displays the top processes on the system and periodically updates this information. |
| systat | The systat utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion. |
| vmstat | The vmstat utility reports certain kernel statistics kept about process, virtual memory, disk, trap and cpu activity. |
- fstat
The fstat utility identifies open files.
USER CMD PID FD MOUNT INUM MODE SZ|DV R/W ronald fstat 1087 root / 2 drwxr-xr-x 512 r ronald fstat 1087 wd /usr 824321 drwxr-xr-x 3584 r ronald fstat 1087 text /usr 1038656 -r-xr-sr-x 14624 r ronald fstat 1087 0 /dev 126 crw--w---- ttyp1 rw ronald fstat 1087 1 /dev 126 crw--w---- ttyp1 rw ronald fstat 1087 2 /dev 126 crw--w---- ttyp1 rw ronald fstat 1087 3 /dev 15 crw-r----- mem r ronald fstat 1087 4 /dev 16 crw-r----- kmem r ronald fstat 1087 5 / 8700 -rw-r--r-- 40960 r ronald vim 1025 root / 2 drwxr-xr-x 512 r ronald vim 1025 wd /tmp 2 drwxrwxrwt 512 r ronald vim 1025 text /usr 329983 -rwxr-xr-x 1266616 r ronald vim 1025 0 /dev 129 crw--w---- ttyp3 rw ronald vim 1025 1 /dev 129 crw--w---- ttyp3 rw
- gstat
The gstat utility can be used to monitor I/O transactions of geom(4) devices.
dT: 0.504 flag_I 500000us sizeof 240 i -1 L(q) ops/s r/s kBps ms/r w/s kBps ms/w %busy Name 1 91 91 964 3.6 0 0 0.0 33.2| ad0 1 91 91 964 3.7 0 0 0.0 33.4| ad0s1 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0| acd0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0| ad0s1a 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0| ad0s1b 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0| ad0s1c 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0| ad0s1d 1 91 91 964 3.7 0 0 0.0 33.7| ad0s1e 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.0| md0 - iostat
The iostat utility displays kernel I/O statistics on terminal, device and cpu
operations.
tty ad0 fd0 cpu tin tout KB/t tps MB/s KB/t tps MB/s us ni sy in id 16 567 13.22 17 0.22 0.00 0 0.00 9 0 3 1 86 821 880 64.00 0 0.02 0.00 0 0.00 8 0 3 1 89 844 864 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 7 0 3 1 89 945 965 64.00 0 0.02 0.00 0 0.00 6 0 4 1 89 961 981 64.00 0 0.02 0.00 0 0.00 6 0 3 3 88 961 981 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 6 0 2 1 90 961 981 64.00 0 0.02 0.00 0 0.00 8 0 2 1 89
- netstat
The netstat command symbolically displays the contents of various
network-related data structures. There are a number of output formats,
depending on the options for the information presented.
Active Internet connections Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address (state) tcp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.63566 193.69.116.13.http CLOSE_WAIT tcp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.52783 216.239.41.104.http ESTABLISHED tcp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.49413 solo.cs.vu.nl.imap ESTABLISHED tcp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.65519 ronald.echteman..imap ESTABLISHED tcp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.49324 ronald.echteman..imap ESTABLISHED tcp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.50677 192.168.0.1.ssh ESTABLISHED udp4 0 0 localhost.ntp *.* udp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.ntp *.* udp4 0 0 localhost.domain *.* udp4 0 0 192.168.0.2.domain *.* Active UNIX domain sockets Address Type Recv-Q Send-Q Inode Conn Refs Nextref Addr c15fe348 stream 0 0 0 c15fed20 0 0 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0 c15fed20 stream 0 0 0 c15fe348 0 0 c19ed118 stream 0 0 0 c15fd1a4 0 0 c15fd1a4 stream 0 0 0 c19ed118 0 0 c15fe118 stream 0 0 0 c15fe3d4 0 0
- nfsstat
The nfsstat command displays statistics kept about NFS client and server
activity.
Client Info: Rpc Counts: Getattr Setattr Lookup Readlink Read Write Create Remove 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rename Link Symlink Mkdir Rmdir Readdir RdirPlus Access 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mknod Fsstat Fsinfo PathConf Commit 0 0 0 0 0 Rpc Info: TimedOut Invalid X Replies Retries Requests 0 0 0 0 0 Cache Info: Attr Hits Misses Lkup Hits Misses BioR Hits Misses BioW Hits Misses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BioRLHits Misses BioD Hits Misses DirE Hits Misses 0 0 0 0 0 0 Server Info: Getattr Setattr Lookup Readlink Read Write Create Remove 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rename Link Symlink Mkdir Rmdir Readdir RdirPlus Access 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mknod Fsstat Fsinfo PathConf Commit 0 0 0 0 0 Server Ret-Failed 0 Server Faults 0 Server Cache Stats: Inprog Idem Non-idem Misses 0 0 0 0 Server Write Gathering: WriteOps WriteRPC Opsaved 0 0 0
- pstat
The pstat utility displays open file entry, swap space utilization, terminal
state, and vnode data structures.
LINE RAW CAN OUT IHIWT ILOWT OHWT LWT COL STATE SESS PGID DISC ttyv0 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 0 OCc 683 694 term ttyv1 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 0 OCc 684 711 term ttyv2 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 7 OCc 685 685 term ttyv3 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 7 OCc 686 686 term ttyv4 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 7 OCc 687 687 term ttyv5 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 7 OCc 688 688 term ttyv6 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 7 OCc 689 689 term ttyv7 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 7 OCc 690 690 term ttyv8 0 0 0 7680 6720 1296 256 2 OCc 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term 0,0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 0 term consolectl 0 0 0 7680 6720 1296 256 0 - 0 0 term ttyp0 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 0 OCc 729 943 term ttyp1 0 0 76 7680 6720 2052 256 0 OCc 754 1279 term ttyp2 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 96221 OCc 778 1217 term ttyp3 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 0 OCc 807 807 term cuaa0 0 0 0 7680 6720 1296 256 336 OCcXl 0 0 term ttyp4 0 0 0 7680 6720 2052 256 0 OCc 1210 1216 term - top
Top displays the top processes on the system and periodically updates this
information.
last pid: 1421; load averages: 0.02, 0.08, 0.08 up 0+01:42:59 11:49:46 61 processes: 1 running, 60 sleeping CPU states: 5.4% user, 0.0% nice, 1.2% system, 0.0% interrupt, 93.4% idle Mem: 83M Active, 213M Inact, 62M Wired, 13M Cache, 48M Buf, 824K Free Swap: 743M Total, 743M Free PID USERNAME PRI NICE SIZE RES STATE TIME WCPU CPU COMMAND 1216 ronald -8 0 6844K 1048K pcmwr 1:25 2.34% 2.34% mpg123 734 ronald 76 0 51104K 44804K select 2:33 0.00% 0.00% opera 710 ronald 76 -10 17292K 16096K select 2:29 0.00% 0.00% XFree86 777 ronald 76 0 4888K 3280K select 0:46 0.00% 0.00% xterm 723 ronald 76 0 6588K 4236K select 0:14 0.00% 0.00% icewm 1218 root 5 0 1256K 840K ttyin 0:06 0.00% 0.00% tip 806 ronald 76 0 4888K 3344K select 0:05 0.00% 0.00% xterm 753 ronald 76 0 5284K 3712K select 0:03 0.00% 0.00% xterm 521 root 76 0 1588K 1080K select 0:00 0.00% 0.00% ntpd 727 ronald 76 0 4904K 3252K select 0:00 0.00% 0.00% xterm 1410 ronald 76 0 7276K 4652K select 0:00 0.00% 0.00% vim 724 ronald 76 0 2564K 1580K select 0:00 0.00% 0.00% ssh-agent 754 ronald 5 0 2192K 1676K ttyin 0:00 0.00% 0.00% bash 807 ronald 8 0 2196K 1708K wait 0:00 0.00% 0.00% bash 1209 ronald 76 0 4888K 3648K select 0:00 0.00% 0.00% xterm 684 root 8 0 1616K 1164K wait 0:00 0.00% 0.00% login 328 bind 76 0 2760K 2076K select 0:00 0.00% 0.00% named
- systat
The systat utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented
fashion.
6 users Load 0.08 0.23 0.26 Aug 12 10:47 Mem:KB REAL VIRTUAL VN PAGER SWAP PAGER Tot Share Tot Share Free in out in out Act 81112 5180 147268 9244 24120 count All 376852 6864 2954884 12200 pages Interrupts Proc:r p d s w Csw Trp Sys Int Sof Flt cow 386 total 3 56 645 17 721 642 14 57968 wire 250 0: clk 81664 act 1: atkb 1.2%Sys 0.8%Intr 0.8%User 0.0%Nice 97.2%Idl 217284 inact 6: fdc0 | | | | | | | | | | 20720 cache 7: ppc0 = 3400 free 128 8: rtc daefr 7 11: pcm Namei Name-cache Dir-cache prcfr 12: psm Calls hits % hits % react 13: npx pdwak 1 14: ata zfod pdpgs 15: ata Disks ad0 fd0 ofod intrn KB/t 16.00 0.00 %slo-z 48784 buf tps 1 0 tfree 1 dirtybuf MB/s 0.02 0.00 26886 desiredvnodes % busy 0 0 20241 numvnodes 3786 freevnodes - vmstat
The vmstat utility reports certain kernel statistics kept about process,
virtual memory, disk, trap and cpu activity.
procs memory page disks faults cpu r b w avm fre flt re pi po fr sr ad0 fd0 in sy cs us sy id 1 2 0 138200 20520 48 0 0 0 81 41 0 0 809 1780 1151 10 5 86 0 2 0 138200 20520 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 633 514 590 1 1 98 0 2 0 138200 20520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 632 469 587 0 1 98 0 2 0 138200 20520 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 687 681 716 1 2 97 0 2 0 138200 20520 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 673 704 686 1 1 98 2 3 0 139372 20176 79 0 0 0 46 0 3 0 644 1017 654 2 3 95 0 3 0 139432 18364 12 0 0 0 7 0 67 0 701 14122 2141 56 23 20 2 2 0 139868 16748 37 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 667 12963 2603 66 20 13 2 2 0 139920 15648 5 0 0 0 69 0 50 0 682 15063 1930 65 23 12 0 2 0 138200 14104 6 0 0 0 262 0 124 0 759 10485 1937 30 16 55
Monday, March 29, 2010
Drupal 6 - How to embed a region in a node
Drupal 6 - How to embed a region in a node
Submitted by tom on Mon, 2008-08-04 03:22
There will come a time when you'll want to add a new region to your Drupal theme, weather you are using a stock theme, a modification of a base theme such as Zen (like me) or creating your own theme from scratch.
Drupal 6 makes the creation of new regions as simple as adding one line of code to your themes template.php file. However, by default new regions created in this manor will only be available to your themes page template (page.tpl.php) and a little extra work will be needed if you want to display it somewhere else.
For the purposes of this article, lets say that we want to add a new region at the top of all story nodes for displaying some google adsense adverts. But, we only want the region to be displaed if we are in the full node view and not in teaser mode.
Add the region to your themes .info file
First thing to do is to define the new region. So, open up your themes .info file (it should be named yourtheme.info) and look for the lines which define the regions. In the Zen theme, these lines look like this:
view sourceprint?
The name in the square brackets is the name of the variable that will be made available to your templates. The text after the equals sign is a just descriptive text that will be used on the admin/build/blocks page. Choose a name which reflects what the region will be used for so you can easily identify it later - I chose the name node_advert_top which will make a variable named $node_top_advert available to my templates. To add the new region, simply add a new line under the existing region declarations.
view sourceprint?
By default, region variables are available for use in your page template file (page.tlp.php
). However, we want to display our advertisements block within the actuall node itself so we need to add the new region variable $node_advert_top to the node.tlp.php file. To do this we can use the preprocess_node() function. Open up your template.php file, create a function named yourtheme_preprocess_node() and add your new region to the $vars variable.
view sourceprint?
Now you just need to open up your node template file (node.tlp.php) and add the region where you would like it to appear. Remember though, I only want to display this advert block on story nodes, and I only want it to be displayed if we are viewing the full article. The first if statement does exactly that.
view sourceprint?
Submitted by tom on Mon, 2008-08-04 03:22
There will come a time when you'll want to add a new region to your Drupal theme, weather you are using a stock theme, a modification of a base theme such as Zen (like me) or creating your own theme from scratch.
Drupal 6 makes the creation of new regions as simple as adding one line of code to your themes template.php file. However, by default new regions created in this manor will only be available to your themes page template (page.tpl.php) and a little extra work will be needed if you want to display it somewhere else.
For the purposes of this article, lets say that we want to add a new region at the top of all story nodes for displaying some google adsense adverts. But, we only want the region to be displaed if we are in the full node view and not in teaser mode.
Add the region to your themes .info file
First thing to do is to define the new region. So, open up your themes .info file (it should be named yourtheme.info) and look for the lines which define the regions. In the Zen theme, these lines look like this:
view sourceprint?
<?php regions[left] = left sidebar regions[right] = right sidebar regions[navbar] = navigation bar regions[content_top] = content top regions[content_bottom] = content bottom regions[header] = header regions[footer] = footer regions[closure_region] = closure ?>
The name in the square brackets is the name of the variable that will be made available to your templates. The text after the equals sign is a just descriptive text that will be used on the admin/build/blocks page. Choose a name which reflects what the region will be used for so you can easily identify it later - I chose the name node_advert_top which will make a variable named $node_top_advert available to my templates. To add the new region, simply add a new line under the existing region declarations.
view sourceprint?
<?php regions[footer] = footer regions[closure_region] = closure regions[node_advert_top]= node advert top ?>Expose the region variable to your node template file.
By default, region variables are available for use in your page template file (page.tlp.php
). However, we want to display our advertisements block within the actuall node itself so we need to add the new region variable $node_advert_top to the node.tlp.php file. To do this we can use the preprocess_node() function. Open up your template.php file, create a function named yourtheme_preprocess_node() and add your new region to the $vars variable.
view sourceprint?
<?php
function kirkdesigns_preprocess_node(&$vars, $hook) {
$vars['node_advert_top'] = theme('blocks', 'node_advert_top');
}
?>Place the region where you want it.Now you just need to open up your node template file (node.tlp.php) and add the region where you would like it to appear. Remember though, I only want to display this advert block on story nodes, and I only want it to be displayed if we are viewing the full article. The first if statement does exactly that.
view sourceprint?
<?php if ($node_advert_top && !$teaser && $node->type == 'story'): ?>
<?php print $node_advert_top; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
Friday, March 26, 2010
Microsoft PowerToys for Windows XP
PowerToys add fun and functionality to the Windows experience. What are they? PowerToys are additional programs that developers work on after a product has been released.
Note: We take great care to ensure that PowerToys work as they should, but they are not part of Windows and are not supported by Microsoft. For this reason, Microsoft Technical Support is unable to answer questions about PowerToys. PowerToys are for Windows XP only and will not work with Windows Vista.
Important
•
If you installed PowerToys prior to April 23, 2002, you must uninstall your old PowerToys before installing the versions available here.
•
PowerToys only work with U.S. English regional settings.
Current PowerToy options:
Color Control Panel Applet
Professional-level photographers and designers know that getting consistent, accurate color from file to screen to print and beyond is a requirement for great results. This new tool helps you manage Windows color settings in one place. Download or learn more.
SyncToy
With new sources of files coming from every direction (such as digital cameras, e-mail, cell phones, portable media players, camcorders, PDAs, and laptops), SyncToy can help you copy, move, and synchronize different directories. Download or learn more.
RAW Image Thumbnailer and Viewer
Are you a serious photographer? Now you can organize and work with digital RAW files in Windows Explorer (much as you can with JPEG images). This tool provides thumbnails, previews, printing, and metadata display for RAW images. Download or learn more.
ClearType Tuner
This PowerToy lets you use ClearType technology to make it easier to read text on your screen, and installs in the Control Panel for easy access.
HTML Slide Show Wizard
This wizard helps you create an HTML slide show of your digital pictures, ready to place on your Web site.
Open Command Window Here
This PowerToy adds an "Open Command Window Here" context menu option on file system folders, giving you a quick way to open a command window (cmd.exe) pointing at the selected folder.
Alt-Tab Replacement
With this PowerToy, in addition to seeing the icon of the application window you are switching to, you will also see a preview of the page. This helps particularly when multiple sessions of an application are open.
Tweak UI
This PowerToy gives you access to system settings that are not exposed in the Windows XP default user interface, including mouse settings, Explorer settings, taskbar settings, and more.
Version 2.10 requires Windows XP Service Pack 1 or Windows Server 2003.
Power Calculator
With this PowerToy you can graph and evaluate functions as well as perform many different types of conversions.
Image Resizer
This PowerToy enables you to resize one or many image files with a right-click.
CD Slide Show Generator
With this PowerToy you can view images burned to a CD as a slide show. The Generator works downlevel on Windows 9x machines as well.
Virtual Desktop Manager
Manage up to four desktops from the Windows taskbar with this PowerToy.
Taskbar Magnifier
Use this PowerToy to magnify part of the screen from the taskbar.
Webcam Timershot
This PowerToy lets you take pictures at specified time intervals from a Webcam connected to your computer and save them to a location that you designate.
Note: We take great care to ensure that PowerToys work as they should, but they are not part of Windows and are not supported by Microsoft. For this reason, Microsoft Technical Support is unable to answer questions about PowerToys. PowerToys are for Windows XP only and will not work with Windows Vista.
Important
•
If you installed PowerToys prior to April 23, 2002, you must uninstall your old PowerToys before installing the versions available here.
•
PowerToys only work with U.S. English regional settings.
Current PowerToy options:
Color Control Panel Applet
Professional-level photographers and designers know that getting consistent, accurate color from file to screen to print and beyond is a requirement for great results. This new tool helps you manage Windows color settings in one place. Download or learn more.
SyncToy
With new sources of files coming from every direction (such as digital cameras, e-mail, cell phones, portable media players, camcorders, PDAs, and laptops), SyncToy can help you copy, move, and synchronize different directories. Download or learn more.
RAW Image Thumbnailer and Viewer
Are you a serious photographer? Now you can organize and work with digital RAW files in Windows Explorer (much as you can with JPEG images). This tool provides thumbnails, previews, printing, and metadata display for RAW images. Download or learn more.
ClearType Tuner
This PowerToy lets you use ClearType technology to make it easier to read text on your screen, and installs in the Control Panel for easy access.
HTML Slide Show Wizard
This wizard helps you create an HTML slide show of your digital pictures, ready to place on your Web site.
Open Command Window Here
This PowerToy adds an "Open Command Window Here" context menu option on file system folders, giving you a quick way to open a command window (cmd.exe) pointing at the selected folder.
Alt-Tab Replacement
With this PowerToy, in addition to seeing the icon of the application window you are switching to, you will also see a preview of the page. This helps particularly when multiple sessions of an application are open.
Tweak UI
This PowerToy gives you access to system settings that are not exposed in the Windows XP default user interface, including mouse settings, Explorer settings, taskbar settings, and more.
Version 2.10 requires Windows XP Service Pack 1 or Windows Server 2003.
Power Calculator
With this PowerToy you can graph and evaluate functions as well as perform many different types of conversions.
Image Resizer
This PowerToy enables you to resize one or many image files with a right-click.
CD Slide Show Generator
With this PowerToy you can view images burned to a CD as a slide show. The Generator works downlevel on Windows 9x machines as well.
Virtual Desktop Manager
Manage up to four desktops from the Windows taskbar with this PowerToy.
Taskbar Magnifier
Use this PowerToy to magnify part of the screen from the taskbar.
Webcam Timershot
This PowerToy lets you take pictures at specified time intervals from a Webcam connected to your computer and save them to a location that you designate.
Wednesday, March 24, 2010
想嘗試找尋看有沒有 類似 TrueImage 好用的 備份 方式，讓系統 死了 可以 短時間內恢愎
想嘗試找尋看有沒有 類似 TrueImage 好用的 備份 方式，讓系統 死了 可以 短時間內恢愎
有幾種方式 不同效果
- 只備份 /etc /usr/local/etc 設定檔
- rsync 到另一台主機
- snapshot ?
- dump and restore ?
- dd
- RAID
有幾種方式 不同效果
- 只備份 /etc /usr/local/etc 設定檔
- rsync 到另一台主機
- snapshot ?
- dump and restore ?
- dd
- RAID
Saturday, March 20, 2010
ubiquitous 到處存在的; 普遍存在的
Small tutorial for IT guys to learn the Linux/Unix VI editor which is quite ugly but ubiquitous!
Friday, March 19, 2010
ERROR: Missing kernel configuration file(s) (MYKERNEL)
I had such mistake several days ago. In my case the reson was that I forgot that I am using amd64 arch, and I placed config to /usr/src/sys/i386/conf, but the right place was /usr/src/sys/amd64/conf.
Thursday, March 18, 2010
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
誠心為思想之本
1. 誠心為思想之本
2. 忘我以求道
3. 遍習諸藝
4. 廣渉百業之道
5. 了解諸事的利弊得失
6. 培養辨別事物的眼光
7. 洞悉肉眼不可見之事
8. 留心細節小事
9. 不做無功效之事
2. 忘我以求道
3. 遍習諸藝
4. 廣渉百業之道
5. 了解諸事的利弊得失
6. 培養辨別事物的眼光
7. 洞悉肉眼不可見之事
8. 留心細節小事
9. 不做無功效之事
Six ways to make people like you
Six ways to make people like you
1. Become genuinely interested in other people.
2. Smile.
3. Remember that a person's name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
4. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
5. Talk in terms of the other person's interests.
6. Make the other person feel important - and do it sincerely.
1. Become genuinely interested in other people.
2. Smile.
3. Remember that a person's name is to that person the sweetest and most important sound in any language.
4. Be a good listener. Encourage others to talk about themselves.
5. Talk in terms of the other person's interests.
6. Make the other person feel important - and do it sincerely.
Win people to your way of thinking
Win people to your way of thinking
1. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.
2. Show respect for the other person's opinions. Never say, "You're wrong."
3. If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
4. Begin in a friendly way.
5. Get the other person saying "yes, yes" immediately.
6. Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.
7. Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.
8. Try honestly to see things from the other person's point of view.
9. Be sympathetic with the other person's ideas and desires.
10. Appeal to the nobler motives.
11. Dramatize your ideas.
12. Throw down a challenge.
1. The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it.
2. Show respect for the other person's opinions. Never say, "You're wrong."
3. If you are wrong, admit it quickly and emphatically.
4. Begin in a friendly way.
5. Get the other person saying "yes, yes" immediately.
6. Let the other person do a great deal of the talking.
7. Let the other person feel that the idea is his or hers.
8. Try honestly to see things from the other person's point of view.
9. Be sympathetic with the other person's ideas and desires.
10. Appeal to the nobler motives.
11. Dramatize your ideas.
12. Throw down a challenge.
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
vbscript for deleting 2 week old files in 44 separate folders
Option Explicit
Dim fso, dTwoWeeksAgo
dTwoWeeksAgo = Date() - 14
wscript.echo dTwoWeeksAgo
Set fso = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
'DirWalk("C:\") ' repeat this subroutine call with a different path to process more paths
'DirWalk("F:\users\data\") ' like this.
'DirWalk("\\phobos\E$\ee\") ' and/or like this.
DirWalk("C:\tmp\test\hmm")
Sub DirWalk(parmPath)
Dim oSubDir, oSubFolder, oFile, n
On Error Resume Next ' We'll handle any errors ourself, thank you very much
Set oSubFolder = fso.getfolder(parmPath)
For Each oFile In oSubFolder.Files ' look in the current dir
If Err.Number <> 0 Then ' if we got an error, just skip this entry
Err.Clear
ElseIf oFile.DateLastModified < dTwoWeeksAgo Then
Wscript.Echo "about to delete " & oFile.Path
'''uncomment the next line when you are satisfied this script works properly
'''fso.DeleteFile oFile.Path, True
End If
Next
For Each oSubDir In oSubFolder.Subfolders
DirWalk oSubDir.Path ' recurse the DirWalk sub with the subdir paths
Next
On Error Goto 0 ' Resume letting system handle errors.
' Removing a empty folder.
' Commenting out following block if you prefer to keep these empty folders.
If fso.getfolder(parmPath).SubFolders.Count = 0 AND fso.getfolder(parmPath).Files.Count = 0 Then
fso.DeleteFolder(parmPath)
End If
End Sub
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